The South African Revenue Service (SARS) has been steadily reforming its customs import system for e-commerce, and recent changes, particularly concerning Value-Added Tax (VAT) on low-value imported goods, are set to significantly impact businesses across the country. These amendments are driven by SARS’s commitment to fostering fair competition and ensuring legitimate trade within the rapidly growing e-commerce sector.

The Key Change: No More VAT-Free Low-Value Imports

Historically, a concession existed where certain imported goods valued at less than ZAR 500 were exempt from VAT, and a flat rate of 20% was applied in lieu of Customs duties. This effectively created a loophole that favoured foreign e-commerce sellers, allowing them to bring low-value parcels into South Africa without the standard 15% VAT that local businesses are required to charge.

SARS has officially closed this loophole.

• Interim Implementation (from 1 September 2024): SARS began implementing changes whereby VAT was introduced in addition to the 20% flat rate Customs duty for these low-value consignments. This marked the practical end of the VAT exemption.
• Formalisation and Reconfiguration (from 1 November 2024): The customs system was further reconfigured to align with the World Customs Organization’s (WCO) Guidelines on Immediate Release.² This involves categorising goods for duty purposes into distinct categories, ensuring appropriate duties are applied alongside the now-standard 15% import VAT on all goods, regardless of their value.
• Legislative Finalisation: While SARS has implemented these changes through Customs directives, the formal legislative amendments to the VAT Act to permanently remove the de minimis threshold will be tabled in upcoming tax bills for parliamentary approval, solidifying these changes into law.

In essence, all imported goods, even those of low value, are now subject to the standard 15% import VAT.

How Local Businesses and SMEs Will Be Affected

These changes bring both opportunities and challenges, particularly for South African small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and other local businesses.

For Local Retailers and Manufacturers (Selling Locally Sourced Goods):

This is largely good news for businesses that primarily source and sell goods within South Africa.

• Level Playing Field: The most significant benefit is the creation of a more equitable competitive environment. Local businesses have long argued that they were unfairly disadvantaged by foreign e-commerce platforms that could offer goods at lower prices because their imports were VAT-exempt. With VAT now uniformly applied to all imports, local businesses can compete on a more level playing field, potentially seeing an increase in local demand.
• Increased Consumer Confidence in Local Products: As the price differential narrows, consumers may be more inclined to support local businesses, knowing that the price reflects a fairer tax application across the board.

For E-commerce Entrepreneurs and Small Businesses (Importing Goods for Resale):

These businesses will experience the most direct and immediate impact.

• Increased Landed Costs: The cost of importing goods, particularly those previously benefiting from the ZAR 500 exemption, will increase by the 15% import VAT, in addition to any applicable customs duties and handling fees. This directly impacts your cost of goods sold.
• Pricing Strategy Adjustments: Businesses will need to review and likely adjust their retail pricing strategies. You will need to decide whether to absorb some of these increased costs, pass them entirely to the consumer, or find a balance. Clear communication with customers about these new costs (e.g., in product listings or checkout) will be crucial.
• Enhanced Administrative Burden: While SARS aims for a simplified clearance system, managing and reconciling the 15% import VAT on potentially numerous small consignments will add an administrative layer. Businesses need robust financial systems to track these costs accurately for tax purposes and cash flow management.
• Supply Chain Review: It may be an opportune time for importing SMEs to review their supply chains. Are there local alternatives that are now more competitive? Can bulk imports reduce per-unit costs and administrative overheads, even with the new VAT?
• Cash Flow Implications: Paying 15% VAT upfront on all imports will impact cash flow. Businesses need to plan for this increased outlay, especially for high-volume imports.

Navigating the New Terrain

These changes underscore the importance of accurate financial planning and robust accounting practices. Businesses, especially SMEs, should:

• Review your product costing models to accurately account for the new import VAT.
• Engage with your logistics and customs clearing agents to understand their updated processes and any new fees.
• Communicate transparently with your customers about any necessary price adjustments.
• Consult with a financial advisor or chartered accountant to ensure full compliance and to strategically assess the impact on your business’s profitability and cash flow.

SARS’s actions are a clear signal of its intent to modernise the tax system for the digital economy. While challenging for some, these changes ultimately aim to create a more equitable and sustainable trading environment for all businesses in South Africa.